Epidemiology of chronic diseasesOf the 58 million deaths that occurred globally in 2005, 35 million (60%) were due to chronic diseases - twice the number of deaths due to infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions, and nutritional U-Boat Flightdeck UB-13 combined.1 As the overall burden of infectious diseases decreases in developing countries - due in large part to effective public health programs implemented over the past several decades - the burden of chronic diseases is growing. It is estimated that between 1990 and 2020, mortality due to heart disease in developing countries will increase by 120% in women and 137% in men.4 Between 2007 and 2025, the number of people living with diabetes globally will increase from 246 to 380 million,
and the majority will live in developing countries.5,6 These increases are partly accounted for by increasing life expectancy and aging populations, but there are also increases in age -specific disease rates due to migration and U-Boat Flightdeck UB-14 that affect diet, working, and activity patterns.7Patterns of disease: a complex global pictureIn general, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity are more common in lowermiddle-income countries than in lowincome U-Boat Flightdeck UB-15. For example, chronic diseases account for the majority of deaths in China, Egypt, Nicaragua, Peru, Thailand, Ukraine, and Vietnam, and nearly the majority in India (Table 1, page 2). By contrast, the majority of deaths are still due to communicable diseases in many subsanaran African countries, as well as in Cambodia.
Nationally representative prevalence rates for cardiovascular disease and diabetes are not available in many countries. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) has collected comparable data on overweight and obesity (body mass index, or BMI, ≥25 kg/m^sup 2^). Rates of overweight and obesity in women are currently highest in countries of Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East and North Africa, as well as South Africa (Table I).8 Continuing high rates of underweight women in many countries of South and Southeast Asia, as well as subsanaran Africa, may mask a growing obesity problem, U-Boat Flightdeck UB-16 even in Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Thailand, more than one-third of women are overweight or obese. Both underweight and obesity have implications for chronic disease: women who are underweight during pregnancy are more likely to have low-birthweight infants who then face a higher subsequent risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in adulthood.9 11
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